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Pro-Taliban accounts mock U.S. intervention hopes, while anti-Taliban groups see the election as a chance for renewed resistance.

Media allowed to film outside the stadium as Haqqani ministers highlight both unity and an attempt at clemency.

Protests over house raids and counternarcotics efforts in Pasaband and Shahrak lead to shootings, arrests, and allegations of ethnic discrimination.

In October 2024, CIR’s Sudan Witness team verified footage relating to civilian deaths, forced displacement, and destroyed infrastructure in three settlements in Gezira, after the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) launched a major assault on the state. The United Nations (UN) reported that the RSF shot at civilians and subjected them to violence and humiliation between 20 and 25 October, leading to “scores” of casualties.

Analysis highlights growing operational reach of NRF and AFF, with Kabul and northern provinces at the epicentre.

Starting in the last week of October, CIR observed a growing number of videos of Russian Shahed and Geran One Way Attack (OWA) drones flying at extremely low altitudes over Ukraine, in particular over the capital city, Kyiv. CIR assesses that the recent increase in numbers of drones being launched at Ukraine may be an attempt to deplete Ukraine’s air defence stocks. Additionally, Russia’s last large-scale missile strike against Ukraine occurred in August 2024 and CIR assesses that Russia has possibly been building up their missile stocks for a renewed campaign over the winter period.

NRF and AFF target Taliban in Kabul as unclaimed explosion leaves civilians caught in escalating violence.

In protests that began against job quotas and ended with the ousting of the government, footage filmed on the streets reveals a disproportionate level of violence by police officers and military personnel.

CIR’s Sudan Witness project verified that an Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft crashed in the Al-Malha region of North Darfur state on 21 October. Analysts geolocated footage of the crash site to an area 115 kilometres (km) northeast of Kutum, North Darfur.